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features ? read/write anti-collision id tr ansponder in plastic package ? contactless read/write data transmission ? inductive coupled powe r supply at 125 khz ? basic component: r/w idic ? e5551 ? anti-collision mode by password request ? e.g. 10 transponders read out in < 500 ms (rf/32, maxblock 2) depending on the application ? built-in coil and capaci tor for circuit antenna ? starts with cyclical data read out ? 224-bit eeprom user prog rammable in 32-bit blocks ? typically < 50 ms to write and verify a block ? write protection by lock bits ? malprogramming protection ? options set by eeprom ? bit rate [bit/s]: rf/8, rf/16, rf/32, rf/40, rf/50, rf /64, rf/100, rf/128 ? modulation: bin, fsk, psk, manchester, bi-phase application ? access control systems ? process control and automation systems ? installation and medical equipment ? asset management systems 1. description the tk5551 is a completely programmable r/w transponder which implements all important functions for identification systems, including anti-collision (e.g., 10 tran- sponders in < 500 ms depending on the application). it allows the contactless reading and writing of data which are transmitted bi-directionally between a read/write base station and the transponder. it is a plastic-packaged device which accommodates the idic e5551 and also the antenna realized as an lc-circuit. no additional external power supply is necessary for the transponder because it receives power from the rf field generated by the base station. data are transmitted by modulating the amplitude of the rf field. the tk5551 can be used to adjust and modify the id code or any other stored data, e.g., rolling co de systems. the on-chip 264-bit eeprom (8 blocks, 33 bits per block) can be read and written block wise from the base station. the blocks can be protected against overwriting. one block is reserved for setting the operation modes of the ic. another block can obtain a password to prevent unauthor- ized writing. standard read/write id transponder with anti-collision tk5551 4709g?rfid?07/10
2 4709g?rfid?07/10 tk5551 figure 1-1. system block diagram 2. general the transponder is the mobile part of the closed coupled identification system (see figure 1-1 ), whereas the read/write base station is based on the u2270b or on discrete solutions, and the read/write transponder is based on the idic e5551. the transponder is a plastic cube device consisting of the following parts: ? the transponder antenna, realized as a tuned lc circuit ? read/write idic (e5551) with eeprom 3. transponder antenna the antenna consists of a coil and a capacitor for tuning the circuit to the nominal carrier fre- quency of 125 khz. the coil has a ferrite core for improving the distance of read, write and programming operations. 4. read/write idic e5551 the read/write idic e5551 is part of the transponder tk5551. the data are transmitted bi-direc- tionally between the base station and the transponder. the transponder receives power via a single coil from the rf signal generated by the base station. the single coil is connected to the chip and also serves as the ic?s bi-directional communication interface. data are transmitted by modulating the amplitude of the rf signal. reading of register contents occurs by damping the coil by an internal load. writing into registers occurs by interrupting the rf field in a specific way. the tk5551 transponder operates at a nominal frequency of 125 khz. there are different bit rates and encoding schemes. the on-chip 264-bit eeprom (8 block, 33 bits each) can be read and written block wise from the base station. the blocks can be protected against overwriting by using lock bits. one block is reserved for setting the operation modes of the ic. another block contains a password to pre- vent unauthorized writing. see e5551 data sheet for more detailed information of the idic. e5551 rf field d a t a power coil c (e5551 + coil + c in pl as tic p a ck a ge) tk5551 tran s ponder ba s e s tation u2270b re a d/ write ic marc4 s erie s microcontroller
3 4709g?rfid?07/10 tk5551 figure 4-1. block diagram of the e5551 coil1 coil2 mod u l a tor an a log front end por inp u t regi s ter write decod er bit r a te gener a tor memory (264 b it eeprom) controller te s t logic mode regi s ter hv gener a tor v dd v ss te s t p a d s
4 4709g?rfid?07/10 tk5551 5. absolute maximum ratings stresses beyond those listed under ?absolute maximum ratings? may cause permanent damage to the device. this is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond t hose indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rati ng conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability parameters symbol value unit operating temperature range t amb ?40 to +85 c storage temperature range t stg ?40 to +125 c assembly temperature t < 5 minutes t ass 170 c magnetic field strength at 125 khz h pp 1000 a/m 6. operating characteristics: transponder t amb = 25c, f = 125 khz, unless otherwise specified parameters test conditions symbol min. typ. max. unit inductance l3.8mh lc circuit, h pp = 20 a/m resonance frequency room temperature f r 120 125 130 khz quality factor q lc 13 magnetic field strength (h) maximum field strength where tag does not modulate no influence to other tags in the field h pp not 4a/m field strength for operation t amb = ?40c h pp -40 30 a/m t amb = 25c h pp 25 18 a/m t amb = 85c h pp 85 17 a/m programming mode t amb = 25c h pp 50 a/m data retention eeprom t amb = 25c t retention 10 years programming cycles eeprom 100,000 programming time/block rf = 125 khz t p 16 ms maximum field strength h pp max 600 a/m modulation range ( see also h-dv curve ) modulation range h pp = 20 a/m h pp = 30 a/m h pp = 50 a/m h pp = 100 a/m dv 4.0 6.0 8.0 8.0 v
5 4709g?rfid?07/10 tk5551 figure 6-1. typical t k range of resonance frequency figure 6-2. typical h-dv curve figure 6-3. measurement of the modulation range dv -4 - 3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 8 0 100 temperature (c) tk of f re s (%) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0204060 8 0 100 120 h pp (a/m) dv (v) v mod v 1 o u tp u t volt a ge of the te s ting a pplic a tion dv = v 1 - v mod
6 4709g?rfid?07/10 tk5551 7. measurement assembly all parameters are measured in a helmholtz arrangement, which generates a homogenous magnetic field (see figure 7-1 and figure 7-2 ). a function generator drives the field generating coils, so the magnetic field can be varied in frequency and field strength. figure 7-1. testing application figure 7-2. testing geometry subtractor function generator output voltage amplifier 1:10 field generating coils ( in phase ) reference coil ( in phase ) sensing coils ( in phase ) reference coil ( in phase ) tk5551 3 0 mm 15 mm 2 mm 5 mm 24 mm 60 mm s en s ing coil reference coil field generating coil s en s ing coil reference coil field generating coil tk5551
7 4709g?rfid?07/10 tk5551 8. writing data into the tk5551 the write sequence of the tk5551 is shown below. writing data into the transponder occurs by interrupting the rf field with short gaps. after the start gap the standard write op code (10) is followed by the lock bit. the next 32 bits contain the actual data. the last 3 bits denote the des- tination block address. if the correct number of bits have been received, the actual data is programmed into the specified memory block. figure 8-1. write protocol 9. write data decoding the time elapsing between two detected gaps is us ed to encode the information. as soon as a gap is detected, a counter starts counting the number of field clock cycles until the next gap is detected. depending on how many field clocks elaps e, the data is regarded as ?0? or ?1?. the required number of field clocks is shown in figure 9-1 . a valid ?0? is assumed if the number of counted clock periods is between 16 and 32, for a valid ?1? it is 48 or 64 respectively. any other value being detected results in an error, and the device exits write mode and returns to read mode. figure 9-1. write data decoding scheme 10. actual behavior of the device the tk5551 detects a gap if the voltage across the coils decreases below the threshold value of an internal mos transistor. until then, the clock pulses are counted. the number given for a valid ?0? or ?1? (see figure 9-1 ) refers to the actual clock puls es counted by the device. however, there are always more clock pu lses being counted than were applied by the base station. the reason for this is the fact that an rf field cannot be switched off immediately. the coil voltage decreases exponentially. so although the rf field coming from the base station is switched off, it takes some time until the voltage across the coils reaches the threshold value of an internal mos transistor and the device detects the gap. referring to the following diagram (see figure 10-1 on page 8 ), this means that the device uses the times t 0 internal and t 1 internal . the exact times for t 0 and t 1 are dependent on the application (e.g., field strength, etc.) 1 s t a nd a rd op-code addre ss b it s (e.g. b lock 4) 0 re a d mode write mode s t a rt g a p 0 1 0 0 lock b it 3 2 b it rf field > 64 clock s 116 3 2 field clock cycle s 4 8 64 f a il 0 f a il 1 writing done write d a t a decoder
8 4709g?rfid?07/10 tk5551 measured write-time frames of the idic demo kit software are: t 0 = 50 s to 130 s t 1 = 270 s to 390 s t gap = 180 s to 400 s antennas with a high q-factor require longer times for t gap and shorter time values for t 0 and t 1 . figure 10-1. ideal and real behavior signals 11. operating distance the maximum distance between the base station and the tk5551 depends mainly on the base station, the coil geometries and the modulation options chosen (see ?u2270b antenna design hints? and the ?u2270b? data sheet). under laboratory conditions, a distance of up to 9 cm can be reached. for optimized distance, please refer to the application note. when using atmel?s u2270b demo board, the typical distances in the range of 0 cm to 5 cm can be achieved. 11.1 anti-collision mode by password request (aor = answer-on-request) the aor mode is an anti-collisi on procedure for transpo nders to read, e.g. , 10 transponders in the field during 500 ms (rf/32, maxblock 2). the number of transponders and the time to read out are dependent on the application. if the aor mode has been configured by aor bit at block 0, the transponder remains in sleep mode while putting it into the field. if the specified aor wake-up command is sent, the dedicated transponder generates an internal reset (see section ?op code formats? in the e5551 data sheet). due to the reset the transpond er is woken up. that means, the transponder is able to modulate the field (read mode). the aor wake-up command consists of the op code and the 32-bit password. the time duration to send the aor wake-up sequence is between 8.7 ms and 27.5 ms according to figure 10-1 . the time duration is dependent on the minimum/maximum values of the measured write-time frames and the content of the password. to select another transponder in the field, it is necessary to send the stop op code to stop the modulation of the transponder. 1 0 1 t 1 g a p detect 1 g a p detect ide a l b eh a vior rf level red u ce s to zero immedi a tely act ua l b eh a vior rf level decre as e s exponenti a lly coil volt a ge 1 0 coil volt a ge t g a p t 0 t 1 t g a p t 0 t 1 intern a l t 0 intern a l
9 4709g?rfid?07/10 tk5551 12. application figure 12-1. complete transponder system with the read/write base station ic u2270b rf m s cfe oe s t a nd b y o u tp u t g a in inp u t coil1 coil2 v b a tt dv s v ext v s 110 k 1. 3 5 mh r 1.2 nf 1n414 8 4.7 k 6 8 0 pf 1.5 nf 470 k 22 f 5v c 3 1 dgnd gnd re a d/write circ u it u2270b o s c in o s c out i/o v dd microcontroller i/o 100 nf 5v 47 nf i/o i/o i/o power d a t a e5551 tran s ponder tk5551 f re s = 1/ (2 lc) = 125 khz v ss
10 4709g?rfid?07/10 tk5551 14. package information 13. ordering information extended type number package remarks TK5551M-PP plastic package all kinds of modulation; rf/8, rf/16, rf/ 32, rf/40, rf/50,rf/6 4,rf/100 and rf/128 (1) default programmed: manchester modulation, rf/32, maxblk = 2 note: 1. see data sheet e5551 dimen s ion s in mm
11 4709g?rfid?07/10 tk5551 15. revision history please note that the following page numbers referred to in this section refer to the specific revision mentioned, not to this document. revision no. history 4709g-rfid-07/10 ? unit of times t 0 , t 1 and t gap from ms to s on page 8 changed 4709f-rfid-06/06 ? put datasheet in a new template ? pb-free logo on page 1 deleted 4709e-rfid-12/05 ? last page: legal sentence changed 4709d-rfid-10/05 ? figure12-1 ?complete transponder system with the read/write base station ic u2270b? on page 9 changed 4709c-rfid-06/05 ? put datasheet in a new template ? lead-free logo on page 1 added
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